Essay on Writing and Technology - 1120 Words

Writing and Technology The fact that we do not commonly feel the influence of writing on our thoughts shows that we have interiorized the technology of writing so deeply that without tremendous effort we cannot separate it from ourselves or even recognize its presence and influence (Ong, 317). In this modern age of computers, disposable pens, and mechanical pencils, it is easy to forget that at one time writing was not so simple or convenient. Most of us have . . . become so used to composing virtual prose at a keyboard . . . (Baron 36), that the thought of writing anything out by hand with a pencil, or any other implement, would not even cross our minds. The experience of trying to invent my own writing implements has given†¦show more content†¦My first idea came up short, so I decided to try a different approach. Instead of using a rock as my paper, I thought I would find one I could use as a pencil. It did not take too long before I found a rock with some good edges I could use to cut and scrape with. I then proceeded to look for a piece of wood I could record some very deep and profound thoughts on (This pen sucks. I miss my keyboard.). After a while I located a suitable branch, big enough to write on and small enough to carry around. With my primitive version of the pencil and paper in hand, I set out to work. It was very hard. Etching words into the branch was a slow and tedious process. I had not finished three letters before I started getting painful blisters on my hand. It is difficult to write in a straight line and with even spacing and letter height when you are scraping a branch with a rock. I ended up cutting my writing short after my hand started to bleed. I dont think that my rock and branch idea is going to replace the P.C. in American homes anytime soon. This assignment has definitely made me realize that like many people today, I . . . take word processing as a given (Baron 36). The first writers must have had a very difficult time. Crude tools are cumbersome and messy. The process is slow, tiresome, frustrating and worst of all, it can be painful. It is a testament to human perseverance that any strides in original writingShow MoreRelated Writing with Technology Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesWriting with Technology The task was seemingly straightforward; create a piece of writing without using a single form of technology. I didn’t think this would be much of a problem. I figured I could hand-write something instead of typing it or using a word processor and that would meet the requirements of the project. However, according to Dennis Baron in his essay From Pencils to Pixels the pencil is, in fact, a form of technology. Evidently, it was invented â€Å"by joiners, woodworkers specializingRead More Inventing A Writing Technology Essay examples1511 Words   |  7 PagesInventing A Writing Technology According to Walter Ong, an influential scholar of the relationship between technology and media, Literacy is imperious. It tends to arrogate to itself supreme power by taking itself as normative for human expression and thought. This is particularly true in high-technology cultures, which are built on literacy of necessity and which encourage the impression that literacy is an always to be expected and even natural state of affairs (316). Ong would probablyRead MoreTechnology Has Impacted Students Writing771 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has advanced tremendously over the years especially in our education systems. Educators are now able to serve multiple people because of technology, having the ability to earn higher level of education online is just one example. There are some opposing sides to the rapid advancement of technology in the classroom. Digital impact in the classroom has impacted students writing. Reflecting back to my first course of this program, I struggle with writing before enrolling in this class butRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Technology On Manual Script Writing1431 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is the most important† (Bill Gates). During the writer’s time in the classroom as a teacher, she has found that technology is very beneficial inside and outside of the classroom. However, she can see the negative effects that technology has on manual script writing for elementary school students. Sometimes the writer has had a hard time understanding some of her students handwriting andRead More Platos Views on the Technology of Writing Essay example1004 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Views on the Technology of Writing In the book Phaedrus Plato offers a lot of criticism for a writing technology that not many of us would ever think as writing technology, let alone criticize it. This writing technology is none other than writing itself. When people think of writing technology they mostly think of the printing press, the computer, the typewriter and such. Yet no one stops to think of writing. Writing has had such a major impact on society that who wouldRead MoreTechnology Is A Helpful Tool For Teaching The Writing Process1478 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is a helpful tool for teaching the writing process, and Marchisan and Alber (2001) concluded that writers can be taught to write using the writing process approach paired with tools of technology, direct instruction, and committed well-trained teachers. Graham, (2008), Graham and Perin (2007a), and Rogers and Graham, (2008), agreed that technology makes the process of writing easier and often provides very specific types of sup port. Word processing provides at least four advantages:Read MoreEssay on Business Writing on Electronic Signature Technology1674 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Writing on Electronic Signature Technology During our February 3 meeting, upper level management expressed concerns about not being able to deal with customer accounts online. We discussed some of the problems they encounter when trying to process transactions online. We agreed some changes needed to be made and that new technology needs to be researched for our online business transactions. The use of electronic signatures was at the top of our list. Many of our competitors haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology Enhanced Formative Assessment On Student Writing818 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of technology-enhanced formative assessment on student writing in terms of grammatical accuracy and writing quality in English learning contexts and on student motivation. This chapter discusses several areas in the literature and previous studies related to feedback and student writing in second and foreign language settings. This literature review begins with an overview of feedback from sociocultural perspectives. The zone of proximal developmentRead MoreEssay about The Role of Technology in Kurt Vonneguts Writing2806 Words   |  12 PagesbOutline/b br brThesis: Technology is the villain in Kurt Vonneguts works because of his hatred of corporate insensitivity and his awareness of the destructive social impact of science and technology. br brI. Kurt Vonnegut has a great awareness of the de structive social impact of science and technology. brA. Contraptions that Vonnegut calls social transplants replace contact with the awful real relatives and friends with synthetic ones. br1. Computers minimize human contact evenRead More Advancement in Technology: How it has Lead to a Decrease in Writing Skills1647 Words   |  7 PagesAdvancement in Technology: How it has Lead to a Decrease in Writing Skills It’s the 21st century, and technology is rapidly moving more into peoples everyday lives, especially as the interest in computers grow. The advancement with computers alone has increased drastically, faster than some would have ever imagined. For the most part, this advancement in computer technology has skyrocketed businesses and eased our lives as a whole in society. However, technology doesn’t always have

Reaction Paper On Type 2 Diabetes - 968 Words

Discussion Epidemiological studies have proven that BGF is an independent high mortality risk factor for diabetic patients due to vascular complications 26, 27. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is unclear. In parallel, miRs are known as key mediators in multiple physiological and pathological conditions, but their involvement in the detrimental effects of BGF is unknown. The objective of the present study was double: first, we aimed to confirm the detrimental effects of BGF on vascular endothelial complications in type 2 diabetes; secondly, we intended to scrutinize the possible involvement of miR-34 family members in this process. We showed that BGF exacerbated the detrimental effects associated with type 2†¦show more content†¦Significantly increased ET-1 level was found in all diabetes model rats. Furthermore, ET-1 level was highest in the FHG group. Combining the previous researches and our results, BGF might increase the risk of cardiovascular complica tions in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress is associated with postprandial hyperglycaemia via destroying the natural antioxidant defense of systems and organs 7. SOD activity indirectly reflects the antioxidant capacity, and the level of MDA indirectly reflects the degree of cells damage by oxygen free radical 36. Largely diminished SOD activity and increased MDA content were measured in BGF model compared with other diabetes model according to a previous study 37. Oxidative stress is produced in the skin of diabetic mice with BGF, which accelerates the skin damage 37. Consistently, the level of SOD was lowest while MDA level was highest in the FHG model rats, which might suggest the most severe oxidative stress injury caused by BGF. Furthermore, NO plays important roles in many processes, including immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems 38, 39. Recent evidence suggests that NO can cause net hemodynamic changes through interacting with other vasodilation mediators, such as adenosine and prostacyclin 40.Sh ow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : Type 1 Diabetes1017 Words   |  5 PagesBushaw Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1 Diabetes Research Paper 11/16/2014 Diabetes Mellitus also known as—Juvenile Onset Diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, and Insulin Dependent Diabetes. It is a chronic autoimmune disease described by high blood glucose levels due to insulin levels being inadequate to maintain normal glucose levels. This research paper will discuss the symptoms and signs, etiology, who it triggers, how it happen, and treatment for Type 1 Diabetes. Symptoms and signs of Type 1 Diabetes are hyperglycemiaRead MoreGlucose: The Most Important Monosaccharide in the Body1038 Words   |  4 Pagesserves such important functions, understanding the biochemistry and clinical applications of malfunction of glucose metabolism are important. Glucose testing in a hospital setting can lead to important results such as if a patient has diabetes or hyperglycemia. This paper focuses on glucose testing done in a clinical setting and the biochemistry behind why and how glucose testing serves such an important role. Biochemistry of Glucose and its metabolism: As it has already been established glucoseRead MoreMiss1290 Words   |  6 PagesThursday 1 March 2012 – Morning Time: 1 hour You must have: Calculator, ruler Paper Reference 5BI1H/01 Total Marks Instructions se b ink or †¢ Uill inlack boxesball-point pen. page with your name, F the a the top of this †¢ centre number andt candidate number. nswer all uestions. †¢ Answer theqquestions in the spaces provided †¢ A there may be more space than you need. – Information paper †¢ The total markefor thisuestion is 60.shown in brackets ach q are †¢ ThesemarksRead MoreEZSCAN: Diagnosing Early Diabetes926 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: DIABETES: EZSCAN Evidence Based Practice Paper Diabetes EZSCAN Introduction . Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce anyRead MoreEssay On St. Louis1597 Words   |  7 Pagessedentary lifestyle is 22 percent, which are comparatively low prevalence compared to the United States average. According to the Community Health Improvement plan of June 2014 the major health disparities were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes (Health department, 2014). Heart disease and cancer accounted for 40 percent of the deaths in the city (Health department, 2014). Objectives were implemented in the Community Health Improvement Plan to include; an obesity plan, ensuring equitableRead MoreThe Treatment Of Pancreatic Transplants1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe last several years to help patients with Type 1 DM and the complications that arise from the disease. The increasing numbers of people with diabetes is cause for concern. In some cases diabetes can be prevented but in others its more about genetics; but with many medical advances patients have a better chance for survival. With advancements in surgical procedures pancreatic transplants are improving as well as the increased odds of curing Type 1. When this happens this will decrease theRead MoreEffects Of Black Ginseng Ethanol Extract Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesextract (BGE) in typical type 2 diabete model db/db mice was investigated. The effect of BGE in Type 2 diabetic mice was investigated by their blood analysis, biological mechanism analysis, and histological analysis. The mice group treated with BGE showed decreased fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance compared to the nontreated BGE group. In the blood analysis, BGE de creased main plasma parameter such as HbA1c, triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels related to diabetes and improved the expressionRead MoreIs Diabetes A Common Disease?1358 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease that we mostly discuss that causes illness to people’s health in our society is diabetes. It is believed that 50 percent of people living in Canada have been determined to have diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease that mostly occurs with people who are in old age along with specific group of individuals. Healthcare experts are trying to find ways to improve the healthcare of individuals with diabetes by anticipating ways by providing preventing and treatment measures for patients with thisRead MoreEssay Understanding Diabetes1726 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes is a very well known disorder. Nearly eighteen million people in the United States alone have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious illness, and there are about 1,800 new cases are being diagnosed each day. To completely understand diabetes, a person must first know how the body works with the disease and then determine which type of diabetes he/she has. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes. There are many factors that play into the developmentRead MoreWhat Is Canagliflozin At Lowering Blood Glucose Levels?947 Words   |  4 Pagesoccur, especially in women, because of the mechanism of the drugs. 1,2 Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disorder in which the body does not properly respond to insulin well, thus allowing high concentrations of glucose to accumulate in the blood. Metformin is the first line of treatment for a diabetic patient; however, sometimes this treatment alone is not enough to lower blood glucose levels. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that additional therapy should be added if a patient’s

Creative Writing About Shutter Island - 884 Words

I haven’t seen many Scorsese films, which I am ashamed of. Nor have I been able to finish a Lynch film. I have the gall to call myself a film buff, and I haven’t many of these so-called masters. But this review isn’t about David Lynch, it’s about fast-talking film entrepreneur Martin Scorsese. And there’s been Taxi Driver, The Departed, Casino and now Shutter Island that I’ve seen. One thing I have been able to pick up from his movies, is that his subject matter tends to be either disconnected people from society or gangsters. Shutter Island is the former and I feel it’s a bit like a cross between Taxi Driver and The Green Mile. The year is 1954. Teddy (Leonardo DiCaprio) is a detective sent to Shutter Island, an island off the coast of†¦show more content†¦The former has long monologues, a few of which seem pointless, and lazy screenwriting. The latter has DiCaprio turning from one character to the other, shouting accusations. There is also the interesting technique of Teddy having flashbacks to his serving as a marine liberating concentration camps in WWII, the point of which I didn’t understand until the end. For much of the film they just feel like random flashbacks as an attempt at adding character development. There are also the dreams he has of his wife who’s passed on, giving him advice before creatively dying once more. These scenes are probably my favourite of the film. She adds another layer to this already thickly layered plot, 90% of which I can’t discuss, on account of ruining the ending few twists. If I were to say whether to see this or not, I’d say see this film for the plot, only once, for the interest factor. It’s better than The Departed, which was a bit of a car crash story-wise, but nowhere as good as Taxi Driver. DiCaprio’s acting does shine in some parts, and Mark Ruffalo is great as always. Shutter Island is certainly above average, and in this age of Michael Bay dross and innumerable Saw films, that’s sayingShow MoreRelated The Apocalypse of William S. Burroughs’ Naked Lunch Essay5453 Words   |  22 Pagesus a naked apocalypse that is not simply cataclysmic and frightening but eternal, parodic, and comic. In 1988, Burroughs was asked to write the introduction to a Keith Haring exhibition catalogue, Apocalypse.2 In it, Burroughs is more specific about his conception of the apocalypse: Consider an apocalyptic statement: ‘Nothing is true, everything is permitted’ – Hassan i Sabbath. Not to be interpreted as an invitation to all manner of unrestrained and destructive behavior; that would be a minorRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pagesone room to the next, there is no reason for the passing of a loved one to result in endless pain and grief.† Poets inspire us to look on the bright side of life. Rarely has the writer of this paper read poems that mention about life after death, as what Buddhists believe. It seems that most of those we happen to come across are written in English by poets who are Christians. However, some of the poems do not have anything to do with religion. LanguageRead MoreEDPM CSEC15093 Words   |  61 Pages Paper 02 (2 hours) 100 marks - 10 marks - 40 marks This paper will comprise FOUR questions for a total of 100 marks. The questions will assess candidates’ ability to copy-type, prepare letters, manuscripts, tables, reports, business forms and creative displays. Question one will be a timed ten-minute speed test. Each question may differ in the level of skill required. Marks allocated for each question may vary according to the level of difficulty. The marks will be allocated to two profile dimensionsRead MoreLady Gaga case study11446 Words   |  46 Pagesdominated the global recorded-music industry: Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and EMI Group. Each had many different labels: Universal, for instance, covered the flagship label Interscope Geffen AM as well as The Island Def Jam Music Group and Universal Motown Republic Group, among others. Led by famed music producer Jimmy Iovine, Interscope’s roster included some of the biggest names in music, such as Eminem, Mary J. Blige, the Pussycat Dolls, The Black Eyed

Coretta Scott, Not Just the Wife of Martin Luther King Jr....

People probably only know Coretta by being the wife of Martin Luther King Jr. But what about the important things she did for this country? Coretta put her life in danger for believing what she supported and was right. Mrs. King also had programs to stay together with the community. She supported other people’s beliefs and doing that gave some people motivation that anything is possible. People also have to give her credit for even being Martin Luther King Jr.’s wife. His family had to go through a lot with him being an African American trying to change history. With that being said, now on our time people don’t go to that person and talk about them, everybody knows they bash to the family even more. Coretta had to deal with a lot of†¦show more content†¦The main thing is Coretta’s mother might have had her own ideas, but she stood by her husband’s side through everything. Coretta Scott was the same for Martin Luther King Jr. As Martin Luther King Jr. put his life in danger, she also put her life in danger for supporting him. During The Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin King Jr. lead marches in many cities, while Coretta was by him inspiring citizens to defy the segregation laws (Academy of Achievement). Many times, the family would get threats from people to get them to stop or move out of town. After the Civil Rights Movement, â€Å"white supremacists bombed the King family home in Montgomery, they barely escaped the home without injury† (Academy of Achievement). As our generation now women would’ve left their husband because they do not know the reason for marriage. Coretta went to hell and high water for Martin King Jr. There was much gossip about Martin beyond the life of his family. Even though Martin was cheating, Coretta knew that being married to Martin Luther King Jr. wasn’t going to be an easy task. Coretta saw it as challenges to get over and believed something better will ha ppen the next day. It takes a strong woman to admit that things are going badly, but they have to realize that the world is not easy place to make decisions. As a courageous wife, Coretta Scott King greatly supported and stood by her husband Martin Luther King Jr., during his life and after his death. According to Crawford, â€Å"the nextShow MoreRelatedThe Contribution Of Coretta Scott King1303 Words   |  6 Pageson who you consider an inspiration or hero. Is it someone who is nationally known or is it someone in your personal life? An individual who is truly known for her determination and strength is Coretta Scott King. Coretta was born April 27th, 1927 in Marion, Alabama by her two parents Obadiah and Bernice Scott. She grew up on her parents farm where she hoed and picked cotton for her family to obtain money. As a young child she had a growing interest in singing and music specifically with the violinRead MoreCoretta Scott Kings Abandoned Musical Dreams Essays609 Words   |  3 Pagessaid Coretta grew up wanting to make music, and how she didn’t stick with the major she had planned for. Growing up, Coretta took parts in music recitals at her high school. After she graduated she studied music at Antoich College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. She received a B.A. in music and education. After Coretta earned a scholarship to the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, She had set her mind to becoming a professional singer. While she was in Boston Coretta met Martin Luther KingRead MoreEssay on The Life of Martin Luther King Jr.1244 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born to Alberta and Martin Luther King. Alberta Williams King was born September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King, Sr. was born December 19, 1899 in Stockbridge, Georgia. Martins dad was a pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was a school teacher. His siblings were Christine King Farris born September 11, 1927, and Alfred Daniel Williams King born July 30, 1930. Martin was the middle child. Martin Luther KingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Coretta Scott King, Jr., Malcom X, And Rosa Parks2182 Words   |  9 Pagesmovement, they think of big names like Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcom X, and Rosa Parks. However, there were many people behind the scenes that had as big of an impact as these forerunners had. These are the transparent heroes; the underdogs. The ones that did so much for the cause yet were never truly recognized as being such a big influence. One of these unsung heroes of the Civil Rights movement is Coretta Scott King. After her husband, the great Martin Luther King, Jr., died she strived to continueRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Greater Significance784 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. states, ‘Faith is taking the step even when you don’t see the whole staircase’ (King). Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. His place of birth was Atlanta, Georgia. Faith was an important aspect of his life. His wife’s is Coretta Scott King. King organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He attended Booker T. Washington High School and graduated from Morehouse College and Boston University. His philosophy of nonviolent resistance led toRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead More Civil Rights and Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was a great civil rights leader who gave his life in the name of freedom. The work of Martin Luther King, Jr. goes further than establishing peaceful social change strategies, he shaped America into the free country it is today. Before his protests in the south blacks, were treated like second rate citizens. It was uncommon to see blacks and whites using the same public restroom, or drinking from the same water fountain. Dr. King created a legacy that carried on farRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity. (S. King 17) These are the words made famous by a man who was one of the greatest civil rights leaders of our time. Michael Luther King Jr. was born in the city of Atlanta, Georgia on January 15th, 1929. The second child of Michael Luther King Sr. and Alberta Christine Williams King, Michael was to become one of theRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagescontent of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. They changedRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1078 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interesting

The Prospect Of Building Underwater Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Population in Egypt increased in the last 10 old ages and reached 80 million with mean one-year growing 2.04 % . Traffic congestion is the largest job that Egypt faces, and it has a great consequence on air quality, going clip, concern, and cost. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prospect Of Building Underwater Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The authorities ever tries to work out the congestion by constructing new Bridgess, overpasss and metros, but unluckily it fails due to the addition of population. In this study there is a survey on edifice with a new engineering which is constructing underwater. Although submerged edifices exist since 1960 but no 1 have heard about it. Constructing underwater will be advantageous to the environment if people win in accomplishing it. Everything can be built submerged like Houses, hotels, watering place, eating houses aˆÂ ¦ etc. to allow people hold a good life or holiday. The glamour position underwater of fishes, coral reefs and different animals encourages people to construct and populate at that place. This study will discourse the possibility and the advantages of submerged edifices. The first subdivision will specify what submerged edifices are, and demo the advantages and credence of them. The 2nd will discourse the consequence of submerged edifices on the environment. The 3rd one will discourse the consequence of submerged edifices on societal life and the agencies of transit. The 4th will discourse the stuffs used, ways of edifice and particular demands. The fifth will present the jobs which face the submerged edifices. The 6th will demo the airing systems that are used. The 7th, will be illustrations of bing and approaching submerged edifices that make the reader able to visualise the thought good, and able to link all the parts of study together. Finally, the decision will back up and urge edifice and life underwater to diminish congestion and pollution on the surface of the Earth. 1. Introduction What are submerged edifices? Harmonizing to Dr. Khaled Abdelhady ( Professor in architecture technology, Shoubra University ) , submerged edifices are constructions built submerged for different intents each harmonizing to the type of edifice constructed ( personal communicating, 2010 ) . It all started in the 1960 ‘s by Jacques Cousteau ‘s squad in the signifier of submerged research Stationss ( submerged home ground, 2006 ) . Submerged edifices already exist, but have you of all time thought approximately traveling to an underwater edifice? Underwater edifice is the future foundation that has a great impact on the environment, we will be confronting some jobs while using this engineering but if we win in accomplishing it, it will be advantageous to our environment as it gets populated. It is true what was written in the â€Å" Evolo † magazine: â€Å" Approximately 71 % of the Earth ‘s surface is ocean, even more if clime alteration has its manner ; hence it is merely natural patterned advance that we will dwell the seas someday. † ( Water-Scraper: Underwater Architecture, 2010 ) . 1.1 Background on submerged edifice types When Dr. Khaled Abdelhady was asked about the types of underwater edifices he talked about the undermentioned types: 1.1.1 Infra Structures He said that infra constructions are termss of edifices made under the H2O to allow the edifice itself above the H2O, for illustration the Bridgess linking metropoliss like the aureate gate span shown in figure 1.1 when you can see the base of span placed under the H2O ( personal communication,2010 ) . Figure 1.1: Aureate gate span ( beginning: www.google.com ) 1.1.2 Research centres Second, Dr. Khaled talked about the research centres underwater. He said that there are two types of centres, foremost is an submerged lifes research centre which examine and observe animals submerged, and 2nd there are scientific centres which search for crude oil in the underside of seas and oceans ( personal communicating, 2010 ) 1.1.3 Tunnels As for submerged tunnels Dr. Khaled Said they are passage ways constructed underwater. There is a type made for cyberspace chief overseas telegrams to be divided all over the universe, telephone lines, and others. Other type is made for autos to travel through submerged channels but for short distance rivers or H2O transitions like tunnel â€Å" Ahmed Hamdi † at the Suez Canal in Egypt ( personal communicating, 2010 ) . 1.1.4 Museums As for museums underwater, Dr. Khaled said there are 2 types, foremost one are museums made to see the submerged lifes without holding to travel through the dangers of diving and for really old grownups to be able to see them excessively, 2nd there are museums made to see the old sunken memorials, why underwater? So that you can see them they exact manner they were found in a beautiful originative manner. And it has already been constructed like in â€Å" Vasa Museum † in Stockholm ( personal communicating, 2010 ) . 1.1.5 Hotels eating houses and amusements Another type that Dr. Khaled Abdelhady talked about was the amusement types of edifices. There are hotels, watering place, and eating houses built underwater so that people could hold a nice a holiday, a massage or a repast while watching the fishes and animals underwater. There are besides games made underwater like in Disney land roller coaster as shown in figure 1.2 when you can see people acquiring into the H2O while on the roller coaster ( personal communicating, 2010 ) . Figure 1.2: Disney land roller coaster ( Beginning: www.google.com ) 1.2 Advantage and credence of submerged edifices Underwater edifices have a batch of advantages to people in Egypt. It will take down the crowded topographic points above land. It will increase the engineering use to be able to construct it. It will assist better touristry as people will come from all over the universe for amusement under the ruddy sea, and enjoyment of the amazing legion sorts of fishes and corals, and in same clip conserve the corals from being touched and hurt by people plunging. After inquiring a big figure of people if they would accept traveling to an submerged metropolis for amusement, holiday or touristry, it was surprising that most people accepted the thought. This means that if the thought really gets complete, it will be widely spread between people so rapidly and it will be successful in Egypt. And as you can see in figure 1.3 the figure of people accepting is about trebling the figure of people declining. Figure 1.3: Chart shows the figure of the credence and declining people 3. Social facets Overcrowding is considered the universe ‘s job, which is turning invariably and leads to many other jobs. This serious quandary prompted people to believe about the colonisation of the oceans, which led them to believe about the submerged edifices. As we know, H2O covers 70 % of the Earth ‘s surface, while land countries form a really little per centum. Taking a expression at the Earth from outer infinite, we will happen that the bluish colour dominates, and this will raise a batch of inquiries about how to work these countries. From this point, people begin to analyze the possibility of edifice underwater and do usage of such great surfaces. Let ‘s happen out if people will welcome the thought of life underwater in the hereafter, or it will be a useless undertaking. Due to high cost, these submerged edifices will be limited to a certain degree of people, and may be considered as a sort of prosperity. However, if we take into history that the engineering progresss, so there will be a manner to cut down the cost. But if complete metropoliss were built submerged, would people accept such alteration in their life. Some people can non populate without the Sun and do non conceive of themselves in a topographic point slightly isolated. Others want truly to seek this new life, and bask the composure and the glorious vision. In decision, populating underwater may go a world if its benefits overcome its troubles and jobs. 3.1 Means of transit After seeking for the possible agencies of transit to populate under H2O, it was found that there are two possibilities. First, as many people will believe, pigboats would function as the chief mean of transit. For illustration, believing about its cost and pertinence, we will happen that it is the suited 1. Let ‘s move to the other possibility, at a larger graduated table, and speak about submerged tunnels. There are some bing submerged tunnels, which would be really effectual to achieve a certain submerged edifice or complete metropolis in the hereafter. For illustration, in Dubai, Hydropolis is an submerged hotel, but it is still under building. As it is described in figure 3.1, the developers of this undertaking explains: â€Å" It will include three elements: the land station, where invitees will be welcomed, the connecting tunnel, which will transport people by train to the chief country of the hotel, and the 220 suites within the undersea leisure composite. â€Å" ( Jo achim Hauser, N.D. ) . Figure 3.1: The land station of Hydropolis ( Source: Design construct, ND. ) 4. Construction and construction facets 4.1 The stuff used A Although many stuffs exist for edifice, the 1 that meet the demands with the lowest costs are to be chosen. At this degree the cost will be minimized. . When taking the stuffs to be used in the building, it is of import to guarantee that the weight bound is non exceeded. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) The chief stuff used for building underwater was a particular type of steel and acrylic. The acrylic stuff is used chiefly for visibleness, while the steel is used for supports ( supports ) . ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) High strength steel is used as it is comparatively inexpensive, and has its high output strength. It is non besides a good music director of electricity and heat. It is a high corrosion opposition. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) A Acrylic stuff is used alternatively of glass ; It is better than glass due to being less dense, and it is besides has higher impact strength than the glass. Acrylic gives the natural size and colourss of the environing stuffs than glass. It is besides good dielectric of electricity which is good in seeking the wellness and safety of clients and submerged animals. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) 4.2 Construction It is known that the rewards for submerged building would be greater than on land building, due to the trouble faced during the on the job underwater. Another job would originate ; the edifice is big in size. For work outing these jobs, they divide the edifice into parts and edifice each portion on land so piece them under the H2O. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj, †¦ †¦ †¦ .. ) 4.3 Care The care procedure is a dearly-won procedure particularly when covering with an submerged care. The below figure shows us how this job can be solved, by spliting the edifice into parts that can be separated from the whole edifice ; these parts can be transferred to set down so that a cheaper care can take topographic point. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) Figure 4.1: The care procedure ( Beginning: Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj ) The crystalline portion of the edifice should be ever clean, so that the clients can see the marine clearly in all the clip. This state of affairs can be achieved by an machine-controlled system which uses a ego cleaning surfacing known as the smart stuff. ( Carl T.F. Ross A ; Mark El-Hajj†¦ ) 5 Problem which face underwater edifice 5.1 Cost Constructing under H2O is a really expensive procedure due to the machines, instruments and skilled workers. Constructing under H2O besides contains some of public assistance as figures ( 5.1, 5.2 ) illustrate and it needs to immense budget. Figure 5.1: Example of under H2O ‘s public assistance ( Beginning: blog.hotelclub.com/top-five-underwater-hotels/ ) â€Å" Dreams, nevertheless fabulous, remain unrealized without the hard currency to back up the committedness ; the hardest portion of the procedure was happening sponsorship to the melody of a‚ ¬550m.That ‘s what brought me to Dubai. Still, it was a conflict which took two-and-a-half old ages and proved tougher than developing the undertaking itself. No bank would pay such an sum. It ‘s a hazardous investing, as there are no pilots. We had to convert investors that it is safe and will convey returns on investing. † ( Hauser, ND ) , so companies accept to co-operate with its challenger to finish under H2O edifice undertaking. 5.2 The job of Erosion ErosionA is the procedure ofA weatheringA and conveyance of solids ( deposit, A dirt, A rockA and other atoms ) in the natural environment or their beginning and deposits them elsewhere. It normally occurs due toA transportA by air current, H2O, or ice so applied scientists should take the appropriate stuffs for under H2O edifice. 5.3 The location of crude oil Figure 5.2 shows that any accident may go on in the sea to the boring machines and machinery for seeking for oil or to any ship in the sea may harm the design of the edifice and it is out of control. Figure 5.2: The accident of the boring machine ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //Oc-Po/Petroleum-from-the Ocean.htmlhttp: //www.waterencyclopedia.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.waterencyclopedia.comHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //blog.hotelclub.com/top-five-underwater-hotels/ † HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //blog.hotelclub.com/top-five-underwater-hotels/ † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.waterencyclopedia.comunderwater-hotels/ ) 5.4 The job of heat of H2O The temperature of the H2O is extremely variable over the surface of the H2O, it is heated from the surface downward by sunshine, but at depth most of the H2O is really cold. ( Martha R.A Scott, ND ) 5.5 The job of force per unit area Pressure plays a large function in act uponing the foundations of the edifice besides workers face troubles either during the building procedure or during the care procedure. 6. Environmental edifice facets No uncertainty that the first thing that comes in our head while speaking about submerged edifices is the job of airing. Ventilation is defined as a: † procedure of providing fresh air to an enclosed infinite and taking from it air contaminated by olfactory properties, gases, or smoke â€Å" . Therefore, there must be a beginning of renewable air that helps in external respiration, and acquiring rid of unwanted gases, like C dioxide and others. Let ‘s research a solution, for the airing job, that was applied while constructing Holland tunnel, an submerged tunnel. Tunnels, specifically, have a great job with airing, due to gases produced by trains and cars. This job was addressed by Clifford Holland, the tunnel ‘s interior decorator. His purpose was to happen ways to unclutter exhaust exhausts and pump in fresh air, accomplishing this by utilizing airing towers, like the one illustrated in figure 5.1, and fans to travel air in and out. Finally, air can be renewed ev ery 90 seconds. ( Howstuffworks, ND. ) Figure 6.1: Inside a Holland Tunnel airing tower ( Beginning: Eric and Edith Matson, ND. ) The airing systems that can be applied while edifice, can be divided into two methods: natural airing and mechanical airing. Natural airing depends on an unfastened window if the architecture permits, so it can non be used in submerged edifices. Therefore, mechanical airing is applied to air out these edifices. The most of import thing is the manner to acquire O needed for take a breathing. Breathing under H2O could go on in several ways ; such as hydrolysing the sea H2O, change by reversaling osmosis, or suctioning methods through air pumps. ( Chamberland, ND. ) . Oxygen can be extracted from saltwater since people will populate underwater, and it will be a practical method. Rearward osmosis is an effectual method used in H2O intervention ; and in the hereafter it will be used to acquire O, while populating underwater. Suctioning O, utilizing air pumps, would assist in both acquiring O and supplying good airing. 7. Examples 7.1 Dubai Underwater Hotel It is still under development. The hotel location will be 33 pess submerged. Its entire cost is over $ 550 million. The land station will be connected with the submerged subdivision with a 515 metre long tunnel through which an automatic train will transport people to the submerged hotel. It is 260 hectares country consisted of 220 suits bubble shaped 20 metres underwater. The hotel will besides hold several security steps. It has a series of watertight doors in instance of any ecstasy. It will besides hold its ain missile defensive system in instance of any terrorist onslaught. 7.2 UNDERSEA RESORTS- Poseidon Mystery Island The thought was for the American applied scientist Bruce Jones. The Poseidon Resort ‘s Mystery Island shown in figure 7.1 could be reached by lift. It is a 1.1 million square pes, 40 pess under H2O. Room standard country is 550 square pes. ( wayfaring,2007 ) . The budget of the undertaking is $ 100 million. Figure 7.1: Poseidon Mystery Island ( Source: www.wayfaring.info ) 7.3 Ithaa underwater eating house It is the 1st of its sort in the universe. It is 16 pess below the surface of Indian Ocean. It is encased in clear acrylic. The ithaa eating house can be reached by a wooden paseo shown in figure 6.2 from over the H2O. It was difficult to construct it on the beach of rangali due to proficient challenge, limited resources and quality jobs. ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) . It was constructed in Singapore. Its building began in May 2004, and it was completed in October 2004 including installing of the acrylic arches, air conditioning and electric canals. Its life span is 20 old ages. Figure 7.2: Ithaa underwater eating house ( Beginning: World Wide Web. Wikipedia.com ) 7.4 Jules Undersea Lodge It is the universe ‘s first submerged hotel, originally built in the early 1970s. It was opened to the populace in 1986. ( hotelclub,2007 ) .The entryway to the hotel is 21 pess underwater on the sea floor. The Lodge is to the full stocked with tight air. How to cite The Prospect Of Building Underwater Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Robotic Technology in Industries

Question: Discuss about theRobotic Technology in Industries. Answer: Introduction Brief Description of VelxRobotics Incorporation VelxRobotics Limited is a company incorporated in Greenville Texas in the United States of America but has operations in Australia. The firm has a total of 500 employees dispersed across the regions where it has operations and other which are hired on contractual basis. The artificial intelligence company is involved in the coding and production of robotic technology for domestic use, industrial use, military, and now planning to expand in other continents namely Asia and Australia to capture the market there. In Australia, the company has a base in Brisbane in Queensland, and it proposes to diversify into the manufacturing sector due to increased competition and the emergence of many industries. Besides the company also designs and supply electronics part for autonomous robots and further provides educational and training support to workers in the organization to boost their competitive ability in the production of products and to offer services to consumers. Objective of the Report In the modern society, Robots are gaining currency, and they are now beginning to infiltrate all the major industries such as mining, cleaning industry, transport and communication and the manufacturing sector. Across the world managers are now using automated robots due to rising wage bill, the needs to increase efficiency which requires the organization to reduce dependence on manual labour. In the manufacturing industry companies that have been slow to adopt robotic technology have faced stiff competition from rivals due to the reliance of manual labour which is slow and costly. Therefore the purpose of the report is to study how robotic technology can be used to increase competitive ability and its applications to help the company survive in an increasing automation in the manufacturing sector. Report Outline The report will first describe the organization under consideration, explain the objectives in the introduction. In the body of the report, the paper defines robotic technology, explores types of robots used in various industries, incorporation of robotic technology in the organization in the future, pro and cons of their use, ethical, social and legal issues and how to address them in the organization. Finally, there is a recommendation of how the company should continue with the process and the issues to consider. Definition of Robot The term robot is variously defined by various authors. Nilsson describes the concept Robot as an automatically controlled machine that can do the work of a human but does not in any way similar to people in terms of their appearance and does not have the ability like that of performing activities like a human. Besides, robotics technology is the form of engineering which deals with the formulation, design, construction, and control of robots. Across various industries, the robot can be manipulated, reprogrammed, and may be either fixed in a static position or mobile in the cases of industrial applications(Nilsson, 2014). The first robot to be used for industrial purposes took place in Swedish in a metal works factory in the year 1959. It weighed estimated two tons and was controlled by the utilization of a magnetic drum and program and mostly relied on hydraulic actuators to change its position in a precise manner(Shah, Rattan, Nakra, 2015). Types of Robot Used in the Industries Since the advent of robots, the technology used has shown the capabilities of revolutionizing the way things are done in the society in two distinct phases. The first one is credited with the introduction of electric machines that were tasked with repetitive tasks but were considered as useless(Siciliano Khatib, 2016). For example, Ford Motors used Robots in the manufacturing of vehicles and the assembly lines and the production of similar products. The second is occasioned the production of industrial robots that were capable of performing sophisticated tasks such as collection of data and information and respond to this information to improve the activities being performed. For example, these type of robotic technology are applied in the automotive industry, and their influence is pervasive to all the sectors of the economy such as transport and communication, cleaning and others(Nilsson, 2014). The report focuses on the application of robot technologies in the mining industry, mi litary, cleaning, transportation and communication, domestic sectors and the manufacturing sector. Besides, the company is planning to enter in the healthcare industry in the next five years when it expands in Australia. Military and Public Safety Industries The robots technology continues to revolutionize many industries, and one of the major beneficiaries is the military industry. There recent development of drones has played a role in the military industry, and this has resulted to complete change. This is because the army has been heavily using robots to carry out battlefield and reconnaissance and other sentry duty. For instance, the military can employ Robots in rescuing people and colleagues in a time of danger such as fire and also use them for surveillance of enemy lines(Subhan, Bhide, SSGB COE, 2014). For example, IRobot is a type of robot that is fitted with sensors and cameras and can be used to spy the enemies and plan how to rescue the hostages and other risk assessment roles. Besides, the military also uses robots that is remotely controlled to locate and destroy dangerous objects in a way military personnel is not put at risk. An example can be recovering explosive devices such as grenades and also has the capability to use X-ray to scan materials that are suspected to be suspicious(Siciliano Khatib, 2016). The Manufacturing Industry The manufacturing sector is slowly embracing the use of robots in the productions of goods for the market. In the beginning, they were used to perform automatic roles such as doing repetitive functions and manual tasks that posed a danger to people and caused boredom. Since then, there has been development and evolutions that introduced them in performing unskilled labor more efficiently. For instance in Australia's a company by the name Drake Trailers has adopted the use of robots which carry works such as welding and the company is reported to have realized an increased productivity by a huge margin(Gwiazda, et al., 2015). Mining Industry Robots Recently, the mining industry is slowly adopting the use of robots, and the investors are now heavily relying on robots to perform various tasks. These form of robots in use performs tasks such as compiling essential information regarding the interior of a mine. Therefore, the technology is helpful as it makes it easy for the company to ascertain the level of safety in the mines and other features that require consideration(Subhan, Bhide, SSGB COE, 2014). For example, there are companies such as Stanley Innovation that have embraced the use of costumed robot which makes it for maneuver in the dangerous terrains. Other than this, currently robots are used for drilling deep the earth and at the offshore, and this makes it possible for mining companies to dig deeper in a condition known as treacherous conditions where human beings cannot operate(Siciliano Khatib, 2016). Incorporating Robotic Technology in the Future The development of industrial robot has made a significant change in the environment as a response to high level of competition in the industry. For our company to be competitive, there must be speed in the way goods are produced, and therefore we propose the use of robotic technology in the production of products and the inspection of the workplace. Therefore, our company proposes to use robots to handle heavy goods and transporting them efficiently to the stores. Further, the company will use robots to improve the level of inspection, consistency, quality and safety and this means human presence will be significantly reduced in these jobs. The implementation of robots in the manufacturing of cement and other related products such as blocks, culverts and other construction materials that are hard to lift and can threaten human health. In addition, when working it can lead to injuries and possible death and this is why robots has been considered. The technology will be implemented in small scale, and then the company will fully implement it fully in the organization before transferring the technology to other branches in the United States and then other regions such as Asia and Australia. In the short term, the objective includes using to understand the challenges that can face the automation process, solving it and ensuring the same does not happen during full implementation. When this is achieved, the technology will be transferred to Australia, but will further be perfected to remove errors and deal with other arising issues. Advantage and Disadvantages of Robot Technology Advantages There are various pros and cons of employing robots to perform in our industries because they have become a common occurrence in our human lives. Their use can be found in stores, homes, hospitals, organizations and the battlefield and the role carried by them is one that is done by a human(Siciliano Khatib, 2016). The advantage of using them is because they have the capacity to perform better when compared to people and especially in handling some tasks. Besides, they can work faster when compared to individuals and can perform better and efficiently in the environment that would be considered dangerous for humans. For example, they can work in a condition with a high level of heat, chemical fumes, radiation and other hazards which can affect the person. Furthermore, they can perform many tasks conveniently at a go and protect lives, increase the productivity and others(Strong, 2016). Disadvantages However, despite the many advantages, the use of robot poses myriads of threats to a human being. Research revealed that robots technology utilizes insecure communications, problems with authentication, lack of authorization schemes, the presence of weak cryptography and the privacy of information is jeopardized because they have poor configurations. Therefore due to this issues, there is a possibility of cyber attackers to launch malicious commands on the robots that can threaten human lives(Gwiazda, et al., 2015). Besides, some of the robots do not need any authentication due to weak mechanisms that can be bypassed by hackers. For example in the case of a hack of robots, spying can take place through cameras, microphones, exposure of private information. Besides, due to their kinetic abilities, there are other dangers posed by robots such as hurting a human, destroying objects and killing due to sudden moves(Subhan, Bhide, SSGB COE, 2014). Dealing with the Risks of Robots The research as identified some risks such as the hacking of the robots and the access to private information. The issues and risks posed can be dealt with through implementation of cyber security practices that prevents the hackers from accessing and manipulating the tools. Furthermore, the company needs to have professional to assess the vulnerability of the automation systems to determine the level of dangers posed by them. For example, assessment of their security can be done through testing on how they can be manipulated by outside forces. Therefore, the organization should consider cyber security threats and incorporate in the product development cycles to make it secure(Levy, 2015). In addition, the management need to have a regulatory framework which needs to be followed in the adoption of robotic technology in the future. To allow proper interaction between the employees and robots, constant training should be carried to respond to changes and remove human errors in the proc ess of operating them(Kernaghan, 2014). Legal, Social and Ethical Issues in Robot Technology When using the robotic technology, there are various legal, moral and social problems that will emerge. The report calls for the organization to automate major organizational functions including inspection of the production process, moving of products to the stores and loading them for transportation. However implementing the process will eliminate human being from this role and render them jobless(Lin, Abney, Bekey, 2014). This means that robot will make many people in the society unemployed. Besides, there is the possibility of injuries during interaction with the robots, and this can cause death. The legal issues at hand which can be sued instead of damages and why. For instance, can manufacture be sued for incorrect coding or products and services? These are issues that need consideration, and they can be solved through policy and rules that allow better interaction between man and technology and having a legal advisor(Salem, Lakatos, Amirabdollahian, Dautenhahn, 2015). Conclusion In conclusion, the increased employment of Robotic Technology in many sectors of the economy has produced a significant impact in many ways. The reports have proposed the use of Robotic technology in the manufacturing of products. However, the use of robots has various advantages and disadvantages which should be taken consideration of by the organization seeking to use them. For instance, they are employed in hospitals, workplace, and in the military battlefield. their advantages includes accomplishing the task that cannot be easily performed by a human, increase speed, can work in harsh conditions that could be dangerous such as heat, chemical fumes, radiation and other divergent hazards. Besides they are capable of accomplishing jobs with less energy, and without wasting time. However, Robotic technologies come with different disadvantages such as the possibility of causing harms to human, vulnerability to hacking and can be used to spy human through cameras and microphones. The s tudy found that using the robot in the manufacturing sector guarantees the improvement the quality due to automation, ensure safety and precise inspection of the production process, to increase the speeding of production and to increase the consistency. Though robotic automation is essential to improve the competitive ability of the company, their work is limited since they work under specific coded instructions and therefore cannot improve the quality of produce alone. Therefore the organization will require engineers with professional to control them. Further, due to lack of emotions sometimes there are challenges when interacting with human beings. The objectives of the reports have been achieved through analysis of how robots have been used in the past to improve the productive of organization and the probable future utilization in the industries. In future, the use of robotic technology should not be used to replace people in the workplace but meant to complement human capabili ty. This is because machines, although they are trained to sense and respond to the various pattern, cannot make decagons to change the situations like human beings. Further, there is a need to improve the techno used to make the robot secure and free from hacking and use for ulterior motives. Recommendations The paper makes various recommendations regarding the use of robotic technology in the manufacture of cements and construction related products in Australia. As seen in the findings, robots has the ability to replace human efforts in the workplace and this lead to economic ramifications such as loss of jobs. Therefore robot technology should be employed in areas where human being cannot perform well and thus their use should be for the purpose of complementing human effort and capability. for instance in the manufacture of cement, there are certain processes that poses health hazards to humans and this is one area that should be considered. In addition, the implementation should be on the small scale and feedback should be incorporated to understand how to improve and where to consider their use. Further, the management should ensure regular training of employees on how to handle robots without endangering their life and that of others. In the future, companies will have 75% of their process carried by automated machines and this means the future workplaces will look rather different and it is important to create awareness of on the implications for implementation of robot technology to employees to help them adapt on the techniques, cultures and processes. Social, legal and ethical issues should be at the forefront when implementing the technology. As such, the management need to have policies and framework that will guide their use to avoid ethical issues such as how they endanger life. Also the firm needs to understand who is capable of any legal issues arising out of robotic technology use. For instance there is need for workers to understand on who is responsible for damages that can be caused during their operation. References Gwiazda, A., Banas, W., Sekala, A., Foit, K., Hryniewicz, P., Kost, G. (2015). Modular industrial robots as the tool of process automation in robotized manufacturing cells. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 95). Bristol, England: IOP Publishing. Kernaghan, K. (2014). The rights and wrongs of robotics: Ethics and robots in public organizations. Canadian Public Administration, 57(4), 485-506. Levy, D. (2015). When robots do wrong. In Cognitive Robotics (pp. 3-22). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Lin, P., Abney, K., Bekey, G. (2014). Ethics, War, and Robots. In Ethics and Emerging Technologies (pp. 349-362). . London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan . Nilsson, N. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Burlington, Massachusetts: Morgan Kaufmann. Salem, M., Lakatos, G., Amirabdollahian, F., Dautenhahn, K. (2015). Towards Safe and Trustworthy Social Robots: Ethical Challenges and Practical Issues. In ICSR (pp. 584-593). Shah, J., Rattan, S., Nakra, B. (2015). Dynamic Analysis of Two Link Robot Manipulator for Control Design Using Computed Torque Control. International Journal of Research in Computer Applications and Robotics, 3(1), 52-59. Siciliano, B., Khatib, O. (2016). Springer handbook of robotics (eds ed.). New York City, NY: Springer. Strong, A. (2016). Applications of Artificial Intelligence Associated Technologies. Science [ETEBMS-2016], 5, 6-15. Subhan, M., Bhide, A., SSGB COE, B. (2014). Study of unmanned vehicle (robot) for coal mines. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), 1(10), 116-120.

Weka A Machine Learning Workbench

Questions: Task 1 In WEKA load the data setDIABETES.arff. Perform rule classification using the following methods JRip Ridor For each method produce a summary of the rules produced and comment on the accuracy of the method. Task2 In WEKA load the data set supermarket.arff. Perform association rule learning using the following methods Apriori FPGrowth For each method produce a summary of the rules produced and comment on the accuracy of the method. Task3 In WEKA load the data set breat-cancer.arff. PerformBayesian classification using the following methods AODE BayesNet For each method produce a summaryof the classificationproduced and comment on the accuracy of the method. Answers: Task 1 Diabetes.arff contains points of interest of Pima Indians Diabetes Database gathered by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases All patients here are females of no less than 21 years of age of Pima Indian legacy. The quantities of Instances are 768 with 9 qualities Number of times pregnant Plasma glucose focus a 2 hours in an oral glucose resilience test Diastolic circulatory strain (mm Hg) Triceps skin fold thickness (mm) 2-Hour serum insulin (mu U/ml) Body mass record (weight in kg/(stature in m)^2) Diabetes family work Age (years) Class variable (0 or 1) Class qualities are 1 then it is tried positive for diabetes and 0 for negative. This is a two-class issue with class esteem 1 being deciphered as "tried positive for diabetes". There are 500examples of class 1 and 268 of class 2. Weka classifier tenets uses a propositional principle learner, which is Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER), which was proposed by William W. Cohen as a streamlined rendition of IREP. It is situated in affiliation rules with lessened blunder pruning (REP), an exceptionally regular and compelling strategy found in choice tree calculations. In REP for principles calculations, the preparation information is part into a developing set and a pruning set. Initially, an introductory tenet set is framed that over its the developing set, utilizing some heuristic system. This overlarge standard set is then more than once streamlined by applying one of a set of pruning administrators run of the mill pruning administrators would be to erase any single condition or any single principle. At each one phase of improvement, the pruning administrator picked is the particular case that yields the best lessening of slip on the pruning set. Rearrangements closes when applying any pruning administrator would expand lapse on the pruning set. Rehashed Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) is one of the fundamental and most mainstream calculations. Classes are analyzed in expanding size and a starting set of tenets for the class is created utilizing incremental decreased lapse pruning. In this study, we assessed RIPPER through JRip, a usage of RIPPER in WEKA with the parameters: folds = 10; minNo = 2; enhancements = 2; seed = 1; usePruning = genuine. JRip is moderate classifier with 96.5% exactness. Ridor: It produces a default administer first and after that the exemptions for the default standard with the slightest (weighted) slip rate. At that point it creates the "best" exemptions for every exemption and emphasizes until unadulterated. In this way it performs a tree-like extension of exceptions.The special cases are a situated of tenets that anticipate classes other than the default. IREP is utilized to produce the special cases. Swell down Rules produce models which are simpler to keep up and overhaul than different choices Task 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Apriori Association rule: Apriori is a count for customary thing set mining and association principle adjusting over worth based databases. It pushes forward by recognizing the perpetual individual things in the database and extending them to greater and greater thing sets the length of those thing sets show up sufficiently oftentimes in the database. The unremitting thing sets directed by Apriori can be used to center association rules which highlight general examples in the database. Supermarket.arff this information set portrays the shopping propensities for market clients. A large portion of the qualities stand for one specific thing gathering. The quality is't' if the client had purchased a thing out of a thing range and missing generally. There is one example every client. The information set contains no class quality, as this is not needed for learning affiliation rules. Load the information set "supermarket.arff" and change into the Associate Panel. Select "Apriori" as associator. In the wake of pressing begin Apriori begins to fabricate its model and composes its yield into the yield field. The main piece of the yield ('Run data') depicts the choice that have been set and the information set utilized. Affiliation principles are fundamentally planned to backing exploratory information examination. Use Apriori to create standards and utilization them to say something in regards to the shopping propensities for grocery store clients. The information contains 4,627 occurrences and 217 qualities. The information is denormalized. Each one trait is double and either has a quality ("t" for genuine) or no worth ("?" for missing). There is an ostensible class quality called "aggregate" that shows whether the exchange was short of what $100 (low) or more noteworthy than $100 (high). Output To Apriori The output for Apriori association rule for super market is The rules discovered where: biscuits=t frozen foods=t fruit=t total=high 788 == bread and cake=t 723 conf:(0.92) baking needs=t biscuits=t fruit=t total=high 760 == bread and cake=t 696 conf:(0.92) baking needs=t frozen foods=t fruit=t total=high 770 == bread and cake=t 705 conf:(0.92) biscuits=t fruit=t vegetables=t total=high 815 == bread and cake=t 746 conf:(0.92) party snack foods=t fruit=t total=high 854 == bread and cake=t 779 conf:(0.91) biscuits=t frozen foods=t vegetables=t total=high 797 == bread and cake=t 725 conf:(0.91) baking needs=t biscuits=t vegetables=t total=high 772 == bread and cake=t 701 conf:(0.91) biscuits=t fruit=t total=high 954 == bread and cake=t 866 conf:(0.91) frozen foods=t fruit=t vegetables=t total=high 834 == bread and cake=t 757 conf:(0.91) frozen foods=t fruit=t total=high 969 == bread and cake=t 877conf:(0.91) Standards are displayed in precursor = resulting arrangement. The number connected with the predecessor is irrefutably the scope in the dataset (for this situation a number out of a conceivable aggregate of 4,627). The number by the subsequent is indisputably the quantity of occurrences that match the forerunner and the resulting. The number in sections on the end is the backing for the tenet (number of precursor partitioned by the quantity of matching consequents). You can see that a cutoff of 91% was utilized as a part of selecting principles, specified in the "Associator yield" window and demonstrated in that no tenet has scope under 0.91. Few key perceptions: We can see that all introduced standards have a resulting of "bread and cake". All introduced standards demonstrate a high aggregate exchange sum. "rolls" a "solidified nourishments" show up in a number of the introduce. FP Growth In essential words, this figuring goes about as takes after: first it packs the information database making a FP-tree event to address progressive things. After the first step, it disengages the layered database into a set of prohibitive databases, everybody associated with one constant sample. Finally, every such database is mined autonomously. Using this system, the FP-Growth reduces the journey costs scanning. Apriori, visits each trade when creating an alternate candidate sets; FP-Growth does not can use data s things; Apriori makes contender sets FP-Growth uses more confounded data structures mining Method Task 3 Breast cancer data set Breast disease information set has 699 cases with 10 characteristics. The class conveyance is encircled as Benign and dangerous. There are 1 ward variable and 9 free variables. The qualities for the free variables ranges from 1 - 10 and for class variable 2 for Benign and 4 for dangerous tumor. The base conceivable outcomes for an individual to get breast tumor are 1 and the most extreme potential outcomes are spoken to by the quality 10. Aode Arrived at the midpoint of one-reliance estimators (AODE) are a probabilistic order learning procedure. It was created to address the quality autonomy issue of the mainstream guileless Bayes classifier. It oftentimes creates considerably more exact classifiers than guileless Bayes at the expense of an unassuming increment in the measure of calculation. Bayes Net Results for: Naive Bayes === Run information === Scheme: weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes Relation: breast Instances: 683 Attributes: 10 Test mode: 10-fold cross-validation Time taken to build model: 0.08 seconds === Summary === Correctly Classified Instances 659 96.4861 % Incorrectly Classified Instances 24 3.5139 % Kappa statistic 0.9238 KB Relative Info Score 62650.9331 % KB Information Score 585.4063 bits 0.8571 bits/instance Class complexity | order 0 637.9242 bits 0.934 bits/instance Class complexity | scheme 1877.4218 bits 2.7488 bits/instance Complexity improvement (Sf) -1239.4976 bits -1.8148 bits/instance Mean absolute error 0.0362 Root mean squared error 0.1869 Relative absolute error 7.9508 % Root relative squared error 39.192 % Total Number of Instances 683 Kappa measurement is utilized to survey the exactness of any specific measuring cases, it is normal to recognize the unwavering quality of the information gathered and their legitimacy. The normal Kappa score from the Bayes Net calculation is around 0.6-0.7. References: Ian H. Witten; Eibe Frank; Mark A. Hall (2011). "Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques, 3rd Edition" . Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco. Retrieved 2011-01-19.Holmes; A. Donkin and I.H. Witten (1994)."Weka: A machine learning workbench" . Proc Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia. Retrieved 2007-06-25. R. Garner; S.J. Cunningham, G. Holmes, C.G. Nevill-Manning, and I.H. Witten (1995)."Applying a machine learning workbench: Experience with agricultural databases" . Proc Machine Learning in Practice Workshop, Machine Learning Conference, Tahoe City, CA, USA. pp. 1421. Retrieved 2007-06-25. Reutemann; B. Pfahringer and E. Frank (2004)."Proper: A Toolbox for Learning from Relational Data with Propositional and Multi-Instance Learners" . 17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AI2004). Springer-Verlag. Retrieved 2007-06-25. "weka - How do I use the package manager?". Retrieved 20 Septem ber 2014. Ian H. Witten; Eibe Frank; Len Trigg; Mark Hall; Geoffrey Holmes; Sally Jo Cunningham (1999)."Weka: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations" . Proceedings of the ICONIP/ANZIIS/ANNES'99 Workshop on Emerging Knowledge Engineering and Connectionist-Based Information Systems. pp. 192196. Retrieved 2007-06-26.

Strong Gertrude Essay Example

Strong Gertrude Paper Ophelias reaction to Laertes advice is one that may be emphasised by a director who is portraying her as a strong character; Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven, Whiles like a puffed and reckless libertine, Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads, She is clearly demonstrating the fact that feels comfortable with her brother as an equal, and as such, is not afraid to accuse him of hypocrisy. A retort to this, coming from a director with a weaker Ophelia in mind, would be that she immediately accepted the advice of her brother and possibly even acted to destroy a relationship, in which she was deeply involved. Polonius involvement in the conversation about Hamlet and Ophelias relationship is another defining factor in the debate over Ophelias strength (or lack of it). It is the first conversation between them, and depending on the direction, it could dictate the character of Ophelia throughout the play. It is inarguable that Ophelia is dominated by her father, but to portray her in any other way is unrealistic; all women of the time were forced to follow the will of their parents. It is the manner in which Ophelia accepts her fathers orders that would show her strength. In this scene her body language would be the factor which dominated the interpretation; if Ophelia appeared to be alert and attentive, it would show her as listening to her father and brother, and considering their words, demonstrating, again, Ophelias intelligence and strength. We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Gertrude specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Gertrude specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Gertrude specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She would consider her course of action, viewing the advice as just that; advice, not an order. When performed to a modern audience, this scene would undoubtedly be less unexpected; a womens potential to attain positions of power has greatly increased since Shakespearean times, and a strong casting of either Ophelia or Gertrude would be far more likely to be anticipated. Ophelia is dominated throughout the play by all of the males she comes into contact with, and while, in a contemporary setting, this would lead to Ophelia appearing as a very definitely weak character, if the historical context of the play is considered, it leaves the debate over her strength open; it was expected for a female character to suffer a certain degree of oppression, it is the manner in which Ophelia deals with this which defines her character. Shakespeares trait of using minimal stage directions throughout the play leads to a largely open-ended character, which can be manipulated by the director to either extreme. An example of this open-ended approach towards Ophelia is when Claudius and Polonius plot to expose Hamlets madness, using Ophelia to do so. They plan to overhear Hamlets reaction when Ophelia returns some trinkets that were of importance to them, as a couple. This scene is particularly open to interpretation, in that it is never made clear as to whether or not Ophelia and Hamlet are involved together or not. If it is assumed that they were involved, and Ophelia was being portrayed as weak, it would be yet another example of her sheer feebleness in the face of a man; being bewildered by his reaction to her rejection. What means your lordship? It seems as though Hamlet doesnt care at all. If, however, she is portrayed as a strong character then Hamlets reaction takes on a new light; he would appear stunned by her rejection, his reaction not being one of indifference, but of disbelief. Instead of a demonstration of her weakness, the scene becomes a showing of Ophelias influence over hamlet. This is typical of the type of power that Ophelia may be argued to posses; it cannot be claimed she has any political or likewise influence, but it could be put forward that she possesses power through her ability to manipulate those around her, Hamlet being a case in point. A central point of the debate over Ophelias strength of character is her fathers death, and her resulting madness. It can easily be interpreted to support either side of the argument. It could be argued that by losing her sanity, Ophelia is demonstrating her dependence on both her father and Hamlet. She is torn between her love for Hamlet, and her love for her father, the resulting clash leaving her no choice but suicide. The opposing argument would be that she resents Hamlet for the murder of her father, and the insanity she is under the influence of is brought about through intense anger. I feel that the interpretation of Ophelia is a very interesting debate, and that both extremes have certain merits, but that the interpretation most in keeping with the rest of the play is that of a weak Ophelia. I do not feel that she was a completely pathetic character, and believe that she perceived a lot more of what was going on than could be assumed from first impressions, but, her madness, and eventual death, both lead to an inherent feeling of weakness, and as such to portray Ophelia as a strong character would seem to be somewhat misrepresentative of Shakespeares intentions. The second major female in the play is Gertrude, and her role, especially with regard to her involvement in the death of Hamlet senior, is just as debatable as Ophelias. Where interpretation of Gertrude differs from that of Ophelia, is that it is not merely the strength of her character being judged, but also her moral fibre; A weak Gertrude could be seen as having abandoned her principals, and attempting to make the best of a bad situation, viewing the murder of her husband by his brother as inevitable. The counter to this interpretation would be that Gertrude was in fact a strong character, who, suffering a moment of weakness, joined the plot to murder her husband, and instate Claudius as king. While traditional interpretations show Claudius to be a villain (although the final scene often contradicts this, his redemption does not counteract the fact he was evil throughout most of the film), an interesting point was raised in a discussion; Hamlet seniors apparently benevolent rule may not have been as perfect as is often assumed. There is, in fact, a large quantity of evidence to support a claim to the contrary, and if this is the case, Gertrude could be seen as a very strong character indeed, having defied not only cultural convention (by standing against her husband), but one of the most sacred laws of most civilisation (treason). This view would suggest that Gertrude was in fact and incredibly strong character, placing the good of her nation above that of even her own son. A key scene in defining the significance of Gertrudes role in the play is when Hamlet confronts her, revealing his true feelings about her, and her marriage to his uncle. A weak interpretation of Gertrude would show her as remorseful and genuinely upset by Hamlets revelations. The scene would become Gertrudes realisation of what she had done, and as such she would be consumed with both guilt and regret. An idea raised during discussion was that if Gertrude were a strong character, and then the scene would be almost entirely different; Gertrude would be aware of how Hamlet felt, and be expecting his outburst. She would be acting surprised and shocked at what he was saying, but in reality merely playing with him. She would be trying to diffuse the situation, aware that Hamlet would be unable to cope with the truth that his father had to be dealt with in the manner in which he was, for the good of the nation. Gertrude would be making yet another personal sacrifice in order to maintain the fragile state of harmony that she and Claudius had created. This sacrifice would not only serve to demonstrate her strength, but also to enhance it further, showing that she was prepared and able to isolate herself even from her own son, in order to maintain order and harmony. There is little evidence to support this in the text, it is merely a suggestion, and no strong argument against it was presented in the discussion. Personally, I feel that a strong interpretation of Gertrude represents the script to its fullest. The series of sacrifices made by Gertrude, in order to obtain her goals, portray her as a woman of immense conviction, one who is willing to sacrifice her marriage, family, and even her life, in order to obtain her goals, and uphold her principals. I feel it is unrealistic to portray Gertrude as little more than a prize, coveted by Claudius, and manipulated in a manner suitable for such a character. I feel that, while perhaps not the most entertaining of choices, the weak Ophelia, and strong Gertrude are the interpretations that seem most appropriate to the text, fulfilling what seems like the demands laid out by the script. 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